Supination and Pronation

Supination - In semiflexed elbow, the palm is turned upward. It is more powerful than pronation because it is an antigravity movement.
Movements- all screwing movements of hand, e.g. As in tightening nuts and bolts.
It is brought by supinator & biceps brachii.


Pronation - In semiflexed elbow, the palm is turned downward. It is brought about chiefly by pronator quadratus. Aided by pronator teres while rapid movement and against resistance




These are the rotatory movements of the forearm around vertical axis
The axis is not stationary because the lower end of ulna is not fixed - it moves backward & laterally during pronation and forwards & medially during supination.
As a result the axis is displaced laterally in pronation, and medially in supination.

Important Topics of Abdomen and Pelvis

IMPORTANT TOPICS OF ABDOMEN & PELVIS

Superficial fascia

Muscles of ant. Abdominal wall

Conjoint tendon

Cremaster muscle

Rectus sheath

Spermatic cord

Inguinal canal

Hernia

Transverse section of body of penis

Testis

Epididymis

Development of testis with applied

Peritoneum

Stomach(stomach bed)

Second and fourth part of deodenum

Meckel's diverticulum

Vermiform appendix

Coeliac trunk and its branches

Inferior mesenteric artery

Portosystemic communication

Gall bladder

Liver and its applied

Pancrease development and applied

Hepatic segment

Kindey(relation)

Development of diaphragm

Muscle of posterior abdominal wall

Pudendal nerve

Uterus

Ligaments of uterus & support(including role)

Anal canal

** Applied and diagrams are important of the above topic.

Thorax Region {Updated}

Important Topics

Thorax Region

1. Inlet/Aperture of Thorax
2. Joints of Thorax & Respiratory Movement
3. Course & Branches of Intercostal nerve, Vein & Artery
4. Azygos Vein
5. Pleura
6. Lungs
7. Pericardium & Sinus of Pericardium
8. Heart With Arterial & Venous Supply
9. Transverse Section of the thorax passing though the 5,4,3 Vertebra
10. Thoracic Duct 
11. Broncho-pulmonary Segments
12.  Anatomical Basis for Pain of MI Referring left side of heart
13. Right Atrium With its Development
14. Coarctation of aorta
15. Double Aortic Arch 

**** Maximum of these are of Diagrams & Applied Aspect is Most important

NeuroAnatomy

IMPORTANT TOPICS

NeuroAnatomy

1. Spinal Cord

2. Transverse section of Brain Stem & Spinal cord

3. Ascending(Spinothalamic & Dorsum column medial lemniscal pathway) & Descending(Corticospinal) Tracts.

4. Cerebellum & 4th ventricle

5. Diencephalon  & 3rd ventricle

6. Functional Areas, Sulci, gyri & lobes of Cerebrum

7. Internal capsule

8. Types of White mater & Corpus callosum

9. Lateral Ventricle

10. Blood Supply Of Brain

11. Cerebrospinal Fluid

12.  Visual Pathway & reflexes

13. Auditory pathway

****All the Topics must be done with diagrams & Applied aspect related to the topics

Upper Limb

Important Topics

 

Upper Limb

1. Course of Radial , Ulnar & Median Nerve (with clinical)

2. Lymphatic Drainage of Breast
3. Flexor & Extensor Retinaculum
4. Shoulder Joint
5. Intrinsic Muscles of  Hand with Nerve Supply
6. Muscles of Thenar Spcaes of hand
7. Cubital Fossa
8. Deep Palmer Arch
9. Muscular Space of Scapular region
10. Wrist Joint
11. Palmer Fascial Spaces
12. Dorsal Digital Expension
13. Region of Axilla
14. Anastmosis Around Elbow and Scapula
15. Brachial Plexus
16. Supination & Pronation
**** All of the topics above are important and must be learned with their Diagrams & Applied Aspect.